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24

24. Der Leiermann. (The Barrel Organ Player)

feature CENSpath representation

Piece:

24. Der Leiermann

Variiertes Strophenlied in a-Moll mit fünf Strophen. [more]

Musical aspect/feature:

harmony/pathCENS+idx

Path-enhanced, transposition-invariant chroma features (3 sec) correlated to harmonic and melodic progression; deviations in key are indicated by different colors. [more]

Recording:

European archive: Hüsch, 1933

Singer: Gerhard Hüsch (Baritone), Piano: Hanns-Udo Müller. Recorded on vinyl, April-September 1933.

Source, License: EA Terms of Use

Information about our segmentation of »24. Der Leiermann«

Variiertes Strophenlied in a-Moll mit fünf Strophen.
Die Segmentierung wurde wiederholungsbasiert durchgeführt und entspricht nicht der Stropheneinteilung.
Die erste und die dritte Strophe des Gedichts sind gleich vertont.
Das entsprechende musikalische Segment Aa kann in vier viertaktige Abschnitte unterteilt werden, wobei der erste und der zweite sowie der dritte und der vierte Abschnitte jeweils identisch sind.
Alle vier Abschnitte sind durch ein zweitaktiges instrumentales Zwischenspiel getrennt.
Ab ist sechstaktig und stellt den Abschluss der zweiten bzw. der vierten Strophe des Gedichts dar, wobei die ersten beiden Takte gesungen und die letzte vier rein instrumental sind.
Das letzte Segment J kommt nur ein einziges Mal vor. Die zweite Hälfte ist rein instrumental.

Lyrics: Project Gutenberg

CENS (Chroma energy normalized statistics)

This feature corresponds to harmonic and melodic properties of a musical piece. Chroma features like CENS are computed by a window-wise subband decomposition of the audio file into semitones (pitches). For each pitch of an octave (C, C♯, D, ..., B), the corresponding pitch energies are summarized up, which reduces the influence of overtones. Subsequently, the resulting chroma features are quantized, smoothed (in temporal direction), and normalized with respect to the ℓ2-norm.

For transposition-invariant similarity, we compute a similarity matrix of the CENS feature sequence with a shifted version of it instead of the usual self-similarity matrix of the feature sequence with itself. Thus, we get 12 similarity matrices (one for each shift) and take the point-wise maximum afterwards. The brightness of the resulting matrix indicates this maximal similarity along all shifts, and the color indicates the index of the used shift. In the following figure the colormap of these shifts is shown.

Colormap for chroma features Circle of fifths
Index (semitones) shift colormap for CENS features.
Left: Linear shift scale from 0 to 11, Right: »Circle of fifths« notation.

One can see that our colormap is inspired by the circle of fifths where neighbor keys share similar colors. Black indicates no shift, red a shift towards the dominant key, blue towards the subdominant. The green colors are used for more distant keys. Note, that cyan and yellow correspond to the parallel major/minor key as well.

Literature

  • Emilia Gómez: Tonal Description of Music Audio Signals, PhD thesis, UPF Barcelona, 2006.
  • Anssi Klapuri: Multipitch Analysis of Polyphonic Music and Speech Signals using an Auditory Model, IEEE TASLP 2008, pp. 255–266.
  • Meinard Müller: Information Retrieval for Music and Motion, Springer 2007, Section 3.3.
  • Meinard Müller, Michael Clausen: Transposition-Invariant Self-Similarity Matrices, ISMIR 2007, pp. 47–50.
  • Gregory H Wakefield: Mathematical representation of joint time-chroma distributions, ISOP 1999, pp. 637–645.