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22. Mut. (Courage)

feature CENSpath representation

Piece:

22. Mut

Variiertes Strophenlied in g-Moll mit drei Strophen. [more]

Musical aspect/feature:

harmony/pathCENS+idx

Path-enhanced, transposition-invariant chroma features (3 sec) correlated to harmonic and melodic progression; deviations in key are indicated by different colors. [more]

Recording:

European archive: Hüsch, 1933

Singer: Gerhard Hüsch (Baritone), Piano: Hanns-Udo Müller. Recorded on vinyl, April-September 1933.

Source, License: EA Terms of Use

Information about our segmentation of »22. Mut«

Variiertes Strophenlied in g-Moll mit drei Strophen.
Die Segmentierung entspricht im Wesentlichen der Stropheneinteilung.
Das Vor-, Zwischen- und Nachspiel sind identisch.
Es lassen sich zwei Strophenarten unterscheiden: A und B.
Diese weisen untereinander starke melodische und leichte harmonische Unterschiede auf.
Die Rhythmik bleibt sowohl in der Gesangs- als auch in der Klavierstimme weitestgehend gleich.
Sowohl A als auch B1 und B2 sind zweiteilig aufgebaut und bestehen aus zwei Wiederholungen eines 6-7 taktigen Motivs.
Die zweiten Wiederholungen weichen jeweils leicht von dem Original ab.

Lyrics: Project Gutenberg

CENS (Chroma energy normalized statistics)

This feature corresponds to harmonic and melodic properties of a musical piece. Chroma features like CENS are computed by a window-wise subband decomposition of the audio file into semitones (pitches). For each pitch of an octave (C, C♯, D, ..., B), the corresponding pitch energies are summarized up, which reduces the influence of overtones. Subsequently, the resulting chroma features are quantized, smoothed (in temporal direction), and normalized with respect to the ℓ2-norm.

For transposition-invariant similarity, we compute a similarity matrix of the CENS feature sequence with a shifted version of it instead of the usual self-similarity matrix of the feature sequence with itself. Thus, we get 12 similarity matrices (one for each shift) and take the point-wise maximum afterwards. The brightness of the resulting matrix indicates this maximal similarity along all shifts, and the color indicates the index of the used shift. In the following figure the colormap of these shifts is shown.

Colormap for chroma features Circle of fifths
Index (semitones) shift colormap for CENS features.
Left: Linear shift scale from 0 to 11, Right: »Circle of fifths« notation.

One can see that our colormap is inspired by the circle of fifths where neighbor keys share similar colors. Black indicates no shift, red a shift towards the dominant key, blue towards the subdominant. The green colors are used for more distant keys. Note, that cyan and yellow correspond to the parallel major/minor key as well.

Literature

  • Emilia Gómez: Tonal Description of Music Audio Signals, PhD thesis, UPF Barcelona, 2006.
  • Anssi Klapuri: Multipitch Analysis of Polyphonic Music and Speech Signals using an Auditory Model, IEEE TASLP 2008, pp. 255–266.
  • Meinard Müller: Information Retrieval for Music and Motion, Springer 2007, Section 3.3.
  • Meinard Müller, Michael Clausen: Transposition-Invariant Self-Similarity Matrices, ISMIR 2007, pp. 47–50.
  • Gregory H Wakefield: Mathematical representation of joint time-chroma distributions, ISOP 1999, pp. 637–645.